Allergy is caused by the production of in the body

Histamines

The correct answer is option 4. Histamines.

Allergy is caused by the production of Histamines. Allergic reactions occur when the immune system overreacts to a normally harmless substance, known as an allergen. When the body encounters an allergen, such as pollen, dust mites, or certain foods, it triggers the release of histamines from specialized immune cells called mast cells and basophils. Histamines are signaling molecules that cause inflammation, swelling, itching, and other allergic symptoms by binding to histamine receptors on target cells throughout the body.

The other options are:

Hormones: Hormones are chemical messengers produced by various glands in the body, such as the thyroid, adrenal, and pituitary glands. While hormones play essential roles in regulating physiological processes like metabolism, growth, and reproduction, they are not directly involved in the allergic response.

Enzymes: Enzymes are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions in the body, facilitating processes such as digestion, metabolism, and cellular signaling. Enzymes are not typically involved in the allergic response, although they may indirectly modulate immune function in certain contexts.

Vitamins: Vitamins are essential micronutrients required for various physiological functions, including immune function, but they are not directly responsible for causing allergic reactions. In fact, some vitamins, such as vitamin C and vitamin E, have antioxidant properties that may help reduce inflammation and allergic symptoms in some individuals.

Summary:

Allergy is caused by the production of histamines in the body. Histamines are signaling molecules released in response to allergens, triggering inflammatory responses and allergic symptoms. Hormones, enzymes, and vitamins are not directly involved in the allergic response, although they play important roles in other physiological processes.