Arrange the following in chronological order:(A) Bernier ends his twe…

Arrange the following in chronological order:

(A) Bernier ends his twelve-year stay in India
(B) Portuguese writers begin detailed accounts of Indian social customs
(C) Bernier arrives in the Mughal Empire in search of opportunities
(D) Growing numbers of Dutch, English and French travellers start coming to India

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Answer & explanation

Correct answer: option 1

The correct answer is Option (1) → B, D, C, A

(B) Portuguese writers begin detailed accounts of Indian social customs — First. The Portuguese arrived in about 1500 and soon wrote detailed accounts of Indian customs, so this comes first.

(D) Growing numbers of Dutch, English and French travellers start coming to India — Second. After 1600, more and more Dutch, English and French travellers came, about a century after the Portuguese.

(C) Bernier arrives in the Mughal Empire in search of opportunities — Third. Bernier came in 1656, long after the wave of Dutch, English and French travellers had begun.

(A) Bernier ends his twelve-year stay in India — Fourth. Bernier stayed for twelve years, from 1656 to 1668, so the end of his stay comes last.

NCERT (2026-27): “3. François Bernier
Once the Portuguese arrived in India in about 1500, a number of them wrote detailed accounts regarding Indian social customs and religious practices. A few of them, such as the Jesuit Roberto Nobili, even translated Indian texts into European languages. Among the best known of the Portuguese writers is Duarte Barbosa, who wrote a detailed account of trade and society in south India. Later, after 1600, we find growing numbers of Dutch, English and French travellers coming to India. …”

“François Bernier, a Frenchman, was a doctor, political philosopher and historian. Like many others, he came to the Mughal Empire in search of opportunities. He was in India for twelve years, from 1656 to 1668, and was closely associated with the Mughal court, as a physician to Prince Dara Shukoh, the eldest son of Emperor Shah Jahan, and later as an intellectual and scientist, with Danishmand Khan, an Armenian noble at the Mughal court.”