Under Article 370 of the Indian Constitution, Jammu and Kashmir enjoyed a distinctive status. However, this unique status did not shield the region from challenges. Despite its special status, Jammu and Kashmir encountered a turbulent mix of violence, cross-border terrorism, and political instability. These internal and external factors had far-reaching consequences.

The idea of regional aspirations is encapsulated by the term "Kashmiriyat." Amidst this backdrop, a grassroots movement was fueled by the populace of the state, under the guidance of Sheikh Abdullah, the figurehead of the National Conference. This movement aimed to remove Maharaja Hari Singh from power, yet it resisted the notion of aligning with Pakistan. Notably, the National Conference was grounded in secular principles and held a longstanding association with the Indian National Congress. Sheikh Abdullah, a significant figure in this movement, shared personal camaraderie with several prominent nationalist leaders, including Jawaharlal Nehru.

What does "Kashmiriyat" refer to?
1) The regional aspirations of the people of Kashmir
2) The movement for merging with Pakistan
3) The desire for independence in Kashmir
4) The religious practices in Kashmir

Choose the correct answer from the given options:

1

"Kashmiriyat" is the issue of regional aspirations in Kashmir.

Prior to 1947, the region of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) existed as a Princely State. Its ruler, Maharaja Hari Singh, held the intention of preserving an autonomous status for his state, rather than merging with either India or Pakistan. Interestingly, Pakistani leaders contended that the Kashmir region rightfully belonged to Pakistan due to its Muslim-majority population. However, this viewpoint diverged from the self-perception of the state's inhabitants, who primarily identified themselves as Kashmiris. The idea of regional aspirations is encapsulated by the term "Kashmiriyat."