Why is urbanization often associated with industrialization?
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → Industrialisation creates job opportunities mostly in urban areas.
Option (2) Industrialisation creates job opportunities mostly in urban areas. — Correct. Industrialisation is the rise of machine production. In industrial societies most working people are employed in factories, offices or shops rather than in agriculture, and these are in towns and cities, where most jobs are found and new ones are created. People move to the towns for this work, so towns grow along with industry, and we usually associate urbanisation with industrialisation.
Option (3) People in urban areas are not dependent on agriculture. — Incorrect. The statement describes city people, but it does not explain why the two processes go together. The link is that industry creates jobs in the towns.
NCERT (2025-26): “1.2 Urbanisation and Industrialisation … Industrialisation refers to the emergence of machine production, based on the use of inanimate power resources like steam or electricity. In most standard western textbook of sociology, we learn that in even the most advanced of traditional civilizations, most people were engaged in working on the land. The relatively low level of technological development did not permit more than a small minority to be freed from the chores of agricultural production. By contrast, a prime feature of industrial societies today is that a large majority of the employed population work in factories, offices or shops rather than agriculture. Over 90 per cent of people in the west live in towns and cities, where most jobs are to be found and new job opportunities are created. Not surprisingly, therefore, we usually associate urbanisation with industrialisation. They often do occur together but not always so.…” |