Kavya, 10, lives in a joint family in Jaipur. Every morning her father touches the feet of her grandparents, and relatives speak warmly of him for it. Within a few months Kavya starts greeting elders in the same way, though nobody has asked her to or thanked her for it. Her cousin Meera practises yogasanas daily and is named 'Fit Student of the Year' at the school assembly. After that, her liking for yoga grows stronger. Kavya's elder brother Arjun spends his evenings alone in his room reading the life stories of great scientists. Slowly he comes to value hard work as the way to succeed in life.
Which process of attitude formation is shown in the way Arjun comes to value hard work?
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → Learning through exposure to information
Option (1) Learning through modelling (observing others) — Incorrect. In modelling, a person watches others being rewarded or punished for a behaviour and takes up the same attitude. Kavya does this when she copies her father, who is praised for respecting elders. Arjun watches no one being rewarded; he only reads.
Option (2) Learning through exposure to information — Correct. Arjun forms his attitude while reading on his own, with nobody around him. This is learning through exposure to information: an attitude learned in a social context but not in the physical presence of others, for example by reading the life stories of people who succeeded through hard work.
Option (3) Learning through group or cultural norms — Incorrect. Group or cultural norms are unwritten rules about behaviour that everyone is supposed to show in a situation. No group expects Arjun to work hard; his attitude grows out of what he reads.
Option (4) Learning by being rewarded or punished — Incorrect. Here a person develops an attitude because he himself is praised or punished for it, as Meera is after her award. Nobody rewards Arjun for working hard, so this process does not fit.
NCERT (2026-27): “Process of Attitude Formation … |