Match List-I with List-II.
| List-I | List-II |
| A. Darwin | I. Thorns and tendrils of Bougainvillea and Cucurbita |
| B. Homology | II. Use and disuse of organs |
| C. Lamarck | III. Eye of the octopus and of mammals |
| D. Analogy | IV. Evolution by natural selection |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
List-I has two scientists and two kinds of similarity; List-II has their ideas and examples.
(A) Darwin — this matches (IV) Evolution by natural selection. Darwin said nature selects those who are better fit and leave more progeny, and he took natural selection as a mechanism of evolution.
(B) Homology — this matches (I) Thorns and tendrils of Bougainvillea and Cucurbita. The thorn of Bougainvillea and the tendril of Cucurbita are the same kind of structure modified for different uses.
(C) Lamarck — this matches (II) Use and disuse of organs. Lamarck said evolution was driven by the use and disuse of organs, with giraffes as his example.
(D) Analogy — this matches (III) Eye of the octopus and of mammals. These eyes are not anatomically similar, but they do the same job, so they are analogous.
NCERT Extract:
Evolution of Life Forms – A Theory – “… These, therefore, will survive more and hence are selected by nature. He called it natural selection and implied it as a mechanism of evolution.”
What are the Evidences for Evolution? – “… In plants also, the thorn and tendrils of Bougainvillea and Cucurbita represent homology (Figure 6.3a). … Other examples of analogy are the eye of the octopus and of mammals or the flippers of Penguins and Dolphins.”
Biological Evolution – “Even before Darwin, a French naturalist Lamarck had said that evolution of life forms had occurred but driven by use and disuse of organs.”