Ageing population is the result of _____.

Decline in birth rate and increased life expectancy

The correct answer is Option (1) → Decline in birth rate and increased life expectancy

An ageing population occurs when:

• Birth rates decline, leading to fewer young people being born.

• Life expectancy increases, allowing more people to live longer.

This combination results in a larger proportion of elderly people in the total population, a trend commonly seen in developed countries like Japan and Germany.