Assertion: All psychotherapies aim at removing human distress and fos…

The correct answer is Option 2: Both Assertion (A) and reasoning (R) are correct and but R is not correct explanation of A.

Assertion: All psychotherapies aim at removing human distress and fostering effective behaviour. This is correct. This is the primary goal of all psychotherapies — whether it's psychoanalytic, humanistic, behavioral, or cognitive — to reduce psychological suffering and help the individual function more adaptively.
Reasoning: All psychotherapies share the common method of providing treatment for psychological distress through psychological means. This is also correct. The defining characteristic of psychotherapy is that it addresses psychological issues using psychological methods. This distinguishes it from biological treatments like medication (though these can be used in conjunction with therapy). Psychological means encompass a wide range of techniques, including talking, exploring thoughts and feelings, challenging maladaptive patterns, and building coping skills – all within a therapeutic relationship.

But does R explain A?

• A is about the goal (removing distress and improving behavior).

• R is about the method (using psychological means).

So while both statements are true, R talks about how therapy is delivered, not why or how it leads to personal change or reduced distress. Thus, R does not explain A.

NCERT: "Though all psychotherapies aim at removing human distress and fostering effective behaviour, they differ greatly in concepts, methods, and techniques...

Different types of psycho therapies differ on multiple parameters. However, they all share the common method of providing treatment for psychological distress through psycho logical means."