Read the passage and answer the question:

The developments that followed the coming of Islam were not confined to ruling elites; in fact, they permeated far and wide, through the subcontinent, amongst different social strata – peasants, artisans, warriors, and merchants, to name a few. All those who adopted Islam accepted, in principle, the five “pillars” of Islam. However, the universal features were often overlaid with diversities in practice derived from sectarian affiliations (Sunni, Shi‘a), and the influence of local customary practices of converts from different social milieus. The complex blend of a universal faith with local traditions is perhaps best exemplified in the architecture of mosques. Some architectural features of mosques are universal. However, there are several features that show variations.

Among the following which architectural feature of mosques is universal?

Their orientation towards Mecca.

The correct answer is Option 1 - Their orientation towards Mecca.

Some architectural features of mosques are universal such as their orientation toward Mecca, evident in the placement of the mihrab (prayer niche) and the minbar (pulpit). However, there are several features that show variations – such as roofs and building materials.