A new movement known as 'Virashaivas' emerged in which part of the country?

Karnataka

The correct answer is Option (3) → Karnataka

The twelfth century witnessed the emergence of a new movement in Karnataka, led by a Brahmana named Basavanna who was a minister in the court of a Kalachuri ruler. His followers were known as Virashaivas (heroes of Shiva) or Lingayats (wearers of the linga).