Match List-I with List-II
| List-I Types of evolution | List-II Examples |
|---|---|
| (A) Divergent evolution | (I) Moths |
| (B) Adaptive radiation | (II) Eyes of octopus and mammals |
| (C) Convergent evolution | (III) Darwin's finches |
| (D) Industrial melanism | (IV) Thorn of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → (A)-(IV), (B)-(III), (C)-(II), (D)-(I)
(A) Divergent evolution — this matches (IV) Thorn of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita. Both are modified parts of the same basic structure, built for different jobs: one protects, the other climbs. Such homologous organs come from a common ancestor by divergent evolution.
(B) Adaptive radiation — this matches (III) Darwin’s finches. On the Galapagos Islands, one ancestral seed-eating finch gave rise to many kinds of finches, each with a beak suited to its own food. Evolution of different forms from one point into different habitats is adaptive radiation.
(C) Convergent evolution — this matches (II) Eyes of octopus and mammals. These eyes do the same job but arose separately in unrelated animals. Such analogous organs are the result of convergent evolution.
(D) Industrial melanism — this matches (I) Moths. In England, after industries blackened the tree trunks with soot, dark-winged moths survived better than white-winged ones, because birds could not spot them easily. Their numbers rose.