Match List-I (techniques of scientific management) with List-II (features of these techniques):
| List-I | List-II | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| (A) | Method study | (I) | Taylor used stopwatches, symbols and colours in it, and designed suitable equipment and tools from its results. |
| (B) | Motion study | (II) | Its objective is to determine the number of workers to be employed, frame suitable incentive schemes and determine labour costs. |
| (C) | Time study | (III) | It treats long working hours, unsuitable work and bad working conditions as hindrances that should be removed. |
| (D) | Fatigue study | (IV) | Taylor devised the concept of assembly line with it, and techniques like process charts and operations research are used in it. |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → (A)-(IV), (B)-(I), (C)-(II), (D)-(III)
| List-I | List-II | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| (A) Method study | (IV) Taylor devised the concept of assembly line with it, and techniques like process charts and operations research are used in it. | Method study finds the one best way of doing a job. Deciding the sequence of operations gave the assembly line. |
| (B) Motion study | (I) Taylor used stopwatches, symbols and colours in it, and designed suitable equipment and tools from its results. | Motion study looks at body movements. Taylor marked the motions with symbols and colours and then designed better tools. |
| (C) Time study | (II) Its objective is to determine the number of workers to be employed, frame suitable incentive schemes and determine labour costs. | Time study fixes the standard time for a job. From it come the number of workers, incentive schemes and labour costs. |
| (D) Fatigue study | (III) It treats long working hours, unsuitable work and bad working conditions as hindrances that should be removed. | Fatigue study fixes rest intervals. Long hours, unsuitable work and bad conditions cause tiredness, so they must be removed. |
NCERT (2026-27 Edition): “Method Study The objective of method study is to find out one best way of doing the job. There are various methods of doing the job. To determine the best way there are several parameters. Right from procurement of raw materials till the final product is delivered to the customer every activity is part of method study. Taylor devised the concept of assembly line by using method study. Ford Motor Company used this concept very successfully. Even now auto companies are using it. The objective of the whole exercise is to minimise the cost of production and maximise the quality and satisfaction of the customer. For this purpose many techniques like process charts and operations research etc are used. …” “Motion Study Motion study refers to the study of movements like lifting, putting objects, sitting and changing positions, etc., which are undertaken while doing a typical job. Unnecessary movements are sought to be eliminated so that it takes less time to complete the job efficiently. For example, Taylor and his associate Frank Gailberth were able to reduce motions in brick layering from 18 to just 5. Taylor demonstrated that productivity increased to about four times by this process. On close examination of body motions, for example, it is possible to find out: “Time Study It determines the standard time taken to perform a well-defined job. Time measuring devices are used for each element of task. The standard time is fixed for the whole of the task by taking several readings. The method of time study will depend upon volume and frequency of the task, the cycle time of the operation and time measurement costs. The objective of time study is to determine the number of workers to be employed; frame suitable incentive schemes and determine labour costs. …” “Fatigue Study … Fatigue study seeks to determine the amount and frequency of rest intervals in completing a task. For example, normally in a plant, work takes place in three shifts of eight hours each. Even in a single shift a worker has to be given some rest interval to take her/his lunch etc. If the work involves heavy manual labour then small pauses have to be frequently given to the worker so that she/he can recharge her/his energy level for optimum contribution. There can be many causes for fatigue like long working hours, doing unsuitable work, having uncordial relations with the boss or bad working conditions etc. Such hindrances in good performance should be removed.” |