Select the correct statements:
(a) Cancer detection is based on biopsy and histopathological examination of the suspected tissue.
(b) Certain chemotherapeutic drugs may have side effects like hair loss and anemia.
(c) MRI employs strong magnetic fields and ionising radiation to accurately detect changes in living tissues.
(d) Techniques such as radiography, CT scans, and MRI are useful for detecting cancers of internal organs.
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → a, b and d
Cancer is detected by examining the suspected tissue and by imaging the inside of the body, and it is treated by surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Each statement is about one of these.
(a) Cancer detection is based on biopsy and histopathological examination of the suspected tissue. — True. In a biopsy, a piece of the suspected tissue is cut into thin sections, stained and examined under the microscope by a pathologist (histopathological studies).
(b) Certain chemotherapeutic drugs may have side effects like hair loss and anemia. — True. Chemotherapeutic drugs kill cancerous cells, but most of them have side effects like hair loss and anaemia.
(c) MRI employs strong magnetic fields and ionising radiation to accurately detect changes in living tissues. — False. MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) uses strong magnetic fields and non-ionising radiations. It is CT (computed tomography) that uses X-rays.
(d) Techniques such as radiography, CT scans, and MRI are useful for detecting cancers of internal organs. — True. Radiography (use of X-rays), CT and MRI are very useful to detect cancers of internal organs.
NCERT Extract:
Cancer – “… Cancer detection is based on biopsy and histopathological studies of the tissue and blood and bone marrow tests for increased cell counts in the case of leukemias. In biopsy, a piece of the suspected tissue cut into thin sections is stained and examined under microscope (histopathological studies) by a pathologist. Techniques like radiography (use of X-rays), CT (computed tomography) and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) are very useful to detect cancers of the internal organs. Computed tomography uses X-rays to generate a three-dimensional image of the internals of an object. MRI uses strong magnetic fields and non-ionising radiations to accurately detect pathological and physiological changes in the living tissue.”
Cancer – “… Several chemotherapeutic drugs are used to kill cancerous cells. Some of these are specific for particular tumors. Majority of drugs have side effects like hair loss, anemia, etc.”