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Pest Resistance Plants

Various nematodes parasitize a wide variety of plants and animals, including human beings. A nematode. Meloidogyne incognitia, infects the roots of tobacco plants and causes a great reduction in yield. A noval strategy was adopted to prevent this infestation which was based on the process of RNA interference (RNAi). RNAi takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defense. This method involves silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary dsRNA molecule that binds to and prevents translation of the mRNA (silencing). Plants, bacteria, fungi and animals whose genes have been altered by manipulation are called Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO). GM plants have been useful in many ways. Genetic modification has: (1) made crops more tolerant to abiotic stresses (cold, drought, salt, heat). (ii) reduced reliance on chemical pesticides (pest- resistant crops). (iii) helped to reduce post harvest losses. (iv) increased efficiency of mineral usage by plants (this prevents early exhaustion of fertility of soil). (v) enhanced nutritional value of food, e.g. golden rice, ie. Vitamin 'A' enriched rice. Genetic modification of organisms can have unpredicatable results when such organisms are introduced into the ecosystem. Therefore, the Indian Government has set up organisations such as GEAC (Genetic Engineering Approval Committee), which will make decisions regarding the validity of GM research and the safety of introducing GM-organisms for public services. Some strains of Bacillus thuringiensis produce proteins that kill certain insects such as lepidopterans (tobacco budworm, armyworm). coleopterans (beetles) and dipterans (flies, mosquitoes).

The Indian Government organization GEAC stands for -

Genetic Engineering Approval Committee

The correct answer is Option (4) → Genetic Engineering Approval Committee 

The unregulated manipulation of living organisms by humanity must be curbed. To assess the moral implications of actions that impact living beings, we need ethical standards in place. Beyond ethical concerns, the biological consequences of such actions are of paramount importance. Altering the genetic makeup of organisms can lead to unforeseen outcomes when these organisms are introduced into their ecosystems.

As a response to these challenges, the Indian Government has established organizations like the Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC). These entities are tasked with determining the validity of genetic modification research and ensuring the safety of introducing genetically modified organisms for public use.