Match List 1 with List 2:

(A)- II, (B)- I, (C)- IV, (D)- III

In the background of the ruling of the Allahabad High Court in the Indira Gandhi case, an amendment was made declaring that elections of Prime Minister, President and Vice- President could not be challenged in the Court. The forty-second amendment (1976) was also passed during the Emergency. This amendment consisted of a series of changes in many parts of the Constitution. Among the various changes made by this amendment, one was that the duration of the legislatures in the country was extended from five to six years. This change was not only for the Emergency period, but was intended to be of a permanent nature.

There were many acts of dissent and resistance to the Emergency. Many political workers who were not arrested in the first wave, went ‘underground’ and organised protests against the government. Newspapers like the Indian Express and the Statesman protested against censorship by leaving blank spaces where news items had been censored. Magazines like the Seminar and the Mainstream chose to close down rather than submit to censorship. Many journalists were arrested for writing against the Emergency. Many underground newsletters and leaflets were published to bypass censorship.

The Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala case, decided by the Supreme Court of India in 1973, is a landmark judgment that laid down the basic structure doctrine of the Indian Constitution. In a short summary, the case involved a challenge to the Kerala government's attempts to implement land reform laws that would affect the properties owned by the petitioner, Kesavananda Bharati, who was the head of a religious institution.