The controlling function is performed by which of the following?

All of the above

The correct answer is option 4- All of the above.

Controlling is one of the important functions of a manager. In order to seek planned results from the subordinates, a manager needs to exercise effective control over the activities of the subordinates. Controlling function of a manager is a pervasive function. It is a primary function of every manager. Managers at all levels of management—top, middle and lower-need to perform controlling functions to keep a control over activities in their areas. Moreover, controlling is as much required in an educational institution, military, hospital, and a club as in any business organisation.