On the basis of the statements, find out which conclusion follows:
Statements: All cats are dogs. Some dogs are loyal.
Conclusions: (I) Some cats are loyal.
(II) Some cats are loyal is a possibility.
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → Only conclusion (II) follows.
A conclusion follows only if it is true in every possible diagram of the statements; a “possibility” conclusion follows if it is true in at least one diagram and no statement rules it out.
“All cats are dogs” puts the Cats circle wholly inside the Dogs circle.
“Some dogs are loyal” makes the Loyal circle overlap the Dogs circle, but it does not say which dogs, so the loyal dogs may or may not include cats.
Conclusion (I) Some cats are loyal. Does not follow. In Case 1 no cat is loyal, so it is not certain.
Conclusion (II) Some cats are loyal is a possibility. Follows. Case 2 agrees with both statements and has some loyal cats, so it is possible.