Read the paragraph and answer the question.

Broadly, genetic disorders may be grouped into two categories - Mendelian disorders and Chromosomal disorders. Mendelian disorders are mainly determined by alteration or mutation in the single gene. These disorders are transmitted to the offspring on the same lines as we have studied in the principle of inheritance. The trait may also be linked to the sex chromosome as in case of haemophilia. It is evident that this X-linked recessive trait shows transmission from carrier female of male progeny.

Match List - I with List - II.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

(A)-(III), (B)-(II), (C)-(IV), (D)-(I)

The correct answer is Option (3) - (A)-(III), (B)-(II), (C)-(IV), (D)-(I)

Broadly, genetic disorders may be grouped into two categories – Mendelian disorders and Chromosomal disorders.

Mendelian disorders are mainly determined by alteration or mutation in the single gene. These disorders are transmitted to the offspring on the same lines as  in the principle of inheritance. The pattern of inheritance of such Mendelian disorders can be traced in a family by the pedigree analysis.

Most common and prevalent Mendelian disorders are Haemophilia, Cystic fibrosis, Sickle- cell anaemia, Colour blindness, Phenylketonuria, Thalassemia, etc. It is important to mention here that such Mendelian disorders may be dominant or recessive. By pedigree analysis one can easily understand whether the trait in question is dominant or recessive. Similarly, the trait may also be linked to the sex chromosome as in case of haemophilia. It is evident that this X-linked recessive trait shows transmission from carrier female to male progeny.

Myotonic dystrophy : An example of an autosomal dominant condition is myotonic dystrophy. Myotonic dystrophy is an inherited disorder that causes muscle weakness and myotonia (inability of muscles to relax after use), which becomes more severe over time. Specific problems in other systems of the body can also occur.

Sickle-cell anaemia : This is an autosome linked recessive trait that can be transmitted from parents to the offspring when both the partners are carrier for the gene (or heterozygous). The disease is controlled by a single pair of allele, Hb^A and Hb^S. Out of the three possible genotypes only homozygous individuals for Hb^S (Hb^SHb^S) show the diseased phenotype.

Haemophilia : This sex linked recessive disease, which shows its transmission from unaffected carrier female to some of the male progeny has been widely studied. In this disease, a single protein that is a part of the cascade of proteins involved in the clotting of blood is affected. Due to this, in an affected individual a simple cut will result in non-stop bleeding.

Klinefelter’s Syndrome : This genetic disorder is also caused due to the presence of an additional copy of X- chromosome resulting into a karyotype of 47, XXY.
Such an individual has overall masculine development,mhowever, the feminine development (development of breast, i.e., Gynaecomastia) is also expressed. Such individuals are sterile.