Which of the following equipment is essentially required for growing microbes on a large scale, for industrial production of enzymes?

Bioreactor

The correct answer is Option (1)- Bioreactor

Bioreactors serve as large vessels designed for the large-scale cultivation of cells to produce specific gene products for commercial purposes. Small volume cultures cannot yield appreciable quantities of products. To produce in large quantities, the development of bioreactors, where large volumes (100-1000 litres) of culture can be processed, was required.

These bioreactors create an optimal environment for cell growth, regulating factors such as temperature, pH, nutrient availability, and oxygen (for aerobic bioreactors), to support the production of the desired gene product.

One widely used type of bioreactor is the stirred tank bioreactor, which is engineered to ensure thorough mixing of the culture medium. There are two main categories of stirred tank bioreactors: simple stirred-tank bioreactors and sparged stirred-tank bioreactors

                  Simple stirred- tank bioreactor