Match List-I with List-II:List-IList-IIA. Exponential growthI. J-shap…

The correct answer is Option (4) → A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV

The two growth models differ in their resources and in the shape of their curves. Each symbol in their equations also has a fixed meaning.

(A) Exponential growth — this matches (I) J-shaped curve when N is plotted against time. With unlimited resources the population keeps growing faster.

(B) Logistic growth — this matches (II) Sigmoid curve when N is plotted against time. With limited resources growth goes through a lag phase, acceleration and deceleration, and then levels off.

(C) K in the logistic growth equation — this matches (III) Carrying capacity, the maximum number the habitat’s resources can support.

(D) e in the integral form of the exponential growth equation — this matches (IV) Base of natural logarithms, a mathematical constant (about 2.718).

So the correct match is A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV.

NCERT Extract:
Growth Models – “… The above equation describes the exponential or geometric growth pattern of a population (Figure 11.3) and results in a J-shaped curve when we plot N in relation to time. … e = the base of natural logarithms (2.71828)”
Growth Models – “… Let us call this limit as nature’s carrying capacity (K) for that species in that habitat. A population growing in a habitat with limited resources show initially a lag phase, followed by phases of acceleration and deceleration and finally an asymptote, when the population density reaches the carrying capacity. A plot of N in relation to time (t) results in a sigmoid curve.”

Figure 11.3 Population growth curve: a when responses are not limiting the growth, plot is exponential; b when responses are limiting the growth, plot is logistic; K is carrying capacity