What are the repeating units that make up polymers?

Monomers

The correct answer is option 4. monomers.

Polymers are large molecules made up of repeating structural units called monomers. Monomers are the basic building blocks that link together through chemical bonds to form a chain-like structure, creating a polymer. The process of linking monomers to form a polymer is known as polymerization.

Here is a brief explanation:

1. Monomers:  Monomers are small, simple molecules that have the ability to undergo polymerization. They typically have reactive functional groups that can form strong chemical bonds with other monomers. The joining of monomers involves breaking certain chemical bonds within the monomers and forming new bonds to create a polymer chain.

2. Polymerization: Polymerization is the chemical process by which monomers are covalently bonded together to form a long chain or network of repeating units. There are two main types of polymerization: addition (chain-growth) polymerization and condensation (step-growth) polymerization.

3. Repeating Units: The resulting polymer consists of repeated identical or similar structural units, known as repeating units. These repeating units give the polymer its unique properties and characteristics.

4. Examples: Examples of polymers include synthetic polymers like polyethylene, polypropylene, and nylon, as well as natural polymers like proteins, DNA, and cellulose. In each case, the specific monomers and the way they are linked together determine the properties of the polymer.

In summary, monomers are the individual molecules that constitute the building blocks of polymers. Through polymerization, these monomers combine to form long chains or networks, with the repeating units defining the structure and properties of the resulting polymer.