What term is used to describe the cryopreservation of gametes of threatened species in viable and fertile condition?

Advanced ex-situ conservation of biodiversity

The correct answer is:

(a) Advanced ex-situ conservation of biodiversity

The term "cryopreservation" refers to the process of preserving cells, tissues, or gametes at very low temperatures, typically in liquid nitrogen, to maintain their viability and fertility for future use. In the context of biodiversity conservation, cryopreservation is an advanced ex situ conservation technique used for preserving the genetic material of threatened species.

Ex situ conservation involves conservation efforts that take place outside the natural habitat of the species. In this case, cryopreservation of gametes (sperm or eggs) allows scientists to store and preserve genetic material from endangered or threatened species in controlled environments, such as gene banks or specialized laboratories. This helps in safeguarding the genetic diversity of species that may face the risk of extinction in the wild.

In situ conservation, on the other hand, refers to the conservation of species in their natural habitats. Sacred groves are an example of in situ conservation, where certain forest patches around places of worship are protected to preserve biodiversity. However, in the given context, cryopreservation is an ex situ conservation technique rather than in situ conservation in sacred groves.