Match List I and List II and choose the correct option :

A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1

The correct answer is option 2. A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1.

Let us look at each of the given match:

A. Teflon :3. Non-stick coating of cookware:

Teflon is a type of synthetic polymer known as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). It's used as a non-stick coating on cookware due to its unique properties. When applied to the surface of pots and pans, Teflon forms a smooth, slick layer that prevents food from adhering to the metal underneath. This makes cooking and cleaning much easier, as food slides off the surface with minimal effort. Teflon coatings are also resistant to high temperatures, which allows cookware to be used safely on stovetops and in ovens without the risk of the coating breaking down or releasing harmful fumes. Overall, Teflon has become a popular choice for non-stick cookware due to its effectiveness and durability.

B. PVC : 4. Thermoplastic:

PVC, or polyvinyl chloride, is a type of polymer, which means it's a large molecule made up of repeating units called monomers. In the case of PVC, the monomer is vinyl chloride.

PVC is classified as a thermoplastic, which is a type of polymer that can be softened when heated and hardened when cooled, and this process can be repeated multiple times without significant degradation. This property makes thermoplastics like PVC highly versatile and suitable for various manufacturing processes.

When PVC is heated, it becomes soft and pliable, allowing it to be molded into different shapes using methods like injection molding or extrusion. Once it cools down, it solidifies again, retaining the shape it was molded into. This characteristic makes PVC widely used in the production of pipes, fittings, profiles, sheets, and various other products.

Additionally, PVC is valued for its durability, chemical resistance, and relatively low cost compared to other materials, which makes it a popular choice in industries such as construction, healthcare (for items like medical tubing), packaging, automotive, and many others.

Overall, PVC's thermoplastic nature and favorable properties have made it one of the most widely used plastics in the world, finding applications in numerous sectors of the economy.

C. Melamine: 2. Flame resistant:

Melamine is more commonly known for its heat resistance rather than its flame resistance. Melamine is a type of thermosetting plastic that is known for its excellent heat resistance and ability to maintain its structural integrity even at high temperatures. It's often used in kitchenware, such as plates, bowls, and utensils, as well as in laminates for countertops and furniture surfaces. While it can withstand high temperatures without deforming or melting, it's not particularly known for being flame resistant. In fact, melamine can burn if exposed to high enough temperatures and can emit toxic fumes when burned. So, while it's a great material for applications requiring heat resistance, it's important to avoid exposing it to direct flames.

D. Bakelite: 1. Making electrical switches:

Bakelite, created by Leo Baekeland in the early 20th century, marked a significant advancement in materials science and manufacturing. It's a type of synthetic polymer known as a phenolic resin, formed by the reaction of phenol (an aromatic organic compound) with formaldehyde (a simple organic compound). 

Bakelite's properties make it particularly well-suited for electrical applications. It's an excellent electrical insulator, meaning it prevents the flow of electric current. This property is crucial for safety in electrical systems, as it helps to prevent short circuits and electric shocks. Additionally, Bakelite exhibits high heat resistance, maintaining its structural integrity even at elevated temperatures. This is important for electrical components, which may generate heat during use.

The material's moldability is another key attribute. It can be easily molded into complex shapes and forms during manufacturing, allowing for the production of intricate components like switches and sockets. This versatility in shaping made Bakelite highly desirable for the design and production of electrical devices.

Overall, Bakelite's combination of electrical insulation, heat resistance, and moldability revolutionized the electrical industry, providing a reliable and cost-effective material for various components, especially electrical switches. Its introduction marked a significant milestone in the development of synthetic plastics and their widespread adoption in industrial applications.