What are filiform apparatus in the embryo sac of angiosperms?

Synergids having special cellular thickenings at the micropylar tip

Filiform apparatus refers to the specialized cellular thickenings found at the micropylar tip of the synergid cells in the embryo sac of angiosperms.

These structures play a crucial role in the process of pollination and fertilization.

The filiform apparatus helps guide the pollen tube towards the synergid cells, allowing for the delivery of the male gametes (sperm cells) to the vicinity of the egg cell for fertilization to occur.

The filiform apparatus provides a physical pathway and may also be involved in the secretion of attractants or guidance cues for the pollen tube.

                         Embryo Sac