Read the following passage carefully and answer the given questions.
Bioactive molecule, cyclosporin A, that is used as an immunosuppressive agent in organ-transplant patients, is produced by the fungus Trichoderma polysporum. Statins produced by the yeast Monascus purpureus have been commercialised as blood-cholesterol lowering agents. It acts by competitively inhibiting the enzyme responsible for synthesis of cholesterol. Baculoviruses are pathogens that attack insects and other arthropods. The majority of baculoviruses used as biological control agents are in the genus Nucleopolyhedrovirus. These viruses are excellent candidates for species-specific, narrow spectrum insecticidal applications. They have been shown to have no negative impacts on plants, mammals, birds, fish or even on non-target insects. BOD refers to the amount of the oxygen that would be consumed if all the organic matter in one liter of water were oxidised by bacteria. The sewage water is treated till the BOD is reduced. Cheese, is one of the oldest food items in which microbes were used. Different varieties of cheese are known by their characteristic texture, flavour and taste. For example, the large holes in 'Swiss cheese' are due to production of a large amount of CO2 by a bacterium named Propionibacterium sharmanii.
Statins are produced by:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → Monascus purpureus
Option (1) Trichoderma polysporum — Incorrect. This fungus produces cyclosporin A, the drug used to suppress the immune system in organ-transplant patients.
Option (2) Saccharomyces cerevisiae — Incorrect. This is baker’s and brewer’s yeast. It is used to make bread and to produce ethanol.
Option (3) Lactobacillus — Incorrect. This is the lactic acid bacterium that turns milk into curd and raises its vitamin B12.
Option (4) Monascus purpureus — Correct. Statins from this yeast lower blood cholesterol. They block, by competition, the enzyme that makes cholesterol in the body.
Note 1: The passage is taken from NCERT. NTA has put lines of the NCERT text together to make it. Most CUET (UG) questions come straight from NCERT, so study the book line by line, including figures and their titles.
Note 2: A similar question was also asked in CUET (UG) 2025 on 14-05-2025 (Slot 1), and in CUET (UG) 2023 on 11-06-2023 (Slot 3).