Match List-I with List-II
| List-I (Stage of Demographic Transition) | List-II (Country/Tribe) | ||
| (A) | High Fluctuating Stage | (I) | Rainforest tribes |
| (B) | Early Expanding Stage | (II) | Angola |
| (C) | Low Fluctuating Stage | (III) | India |
| (D) | Late Expanding Stage | (IV) | Japan |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → (A) - (I), (B) - (II), (C) - (IV), (D) - (III)
(A) High Fluctuating Stage — this matches (I) Rainforest tribes. Both birth and death rates are high and go up and down. Rainforest tribes are a present-day example of this first stage.
(B) Early Expanding Stage — this matches (II) Angola. In the first part of the expanding stage the gap between the birth rate and the death rate opens wide, so the population grows fast.
(C) Low Fluctuating Stage — this matches (IV) Japan. Both birth and death rates are low. Japan, with Canada and the USA, is a present-day example of this last stage.
(D) Late Expanding Stage — this matches (III) India. In the last part of the expanding stage the birth rate comes down towards the death rate, so the gap between them narrows.
Note: The given answer is as per the official NTA Answer Key. NCERT shows only three stages of demographic transition: high fluctuating, expanding and low fluctuating. The words ‘early expanding’ and ‘late expanding’ are not in the book. NTA split the expanding stage into two parts. Early expanding is its beginning, when the death rate falls but the birth rate is still high. Late expanding is its end, when the birth rate also starts to fall. With this, the answer can be worked out from the book.
NCERT (2026-27): “DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION … The first stage has high fertility and high mortality because people reproduce more to compensate for the deaths due to epidemics and variable food supply.” “Fertility remains high in the beginning of second stage but it declines with time. This is accompanied by reduced mortality rate.” “In the last stage, both fertility and mortality decline considerably. The population is either stable or grows slowly.”
Fig. 2.2: Demographic Transition Theory |
