What is the term used to describe the vertical distribution of different species occupying different levels in an ecosystem?

Stratification

The correct answer is (a) Stratification.

Explanation: Stratification refers to the vertical distribution of different species occupying different levels or layers within an ecosystem. It is commonly observed in ecosystems such as forests, where vegetation forms distinct layers based on their vertical position. Each layer or stratum represents a specific group of organisms adapted to that particular level and its associated environmental conditions.

In a forest ecosystem, for example, the tallest trees occupy the uppermost layer, referred to as the canopy. Below the canopy, there may be an understory layer consisting of smaller trees and shrubs. Further down, there might be a layer of herbaceous plants, followed by the ground layer consisting of grasses, ferns, and other low-growing vegetation.

This vertical stratification allows different species to occupy specific niches within the ecosystem based on their ability to access light, water, and other resources. It also promotes resource partitioning, minimizing competition between species that may have different requirements and adaptations.

Stratification can occur in various types of ecosystems, including forests, aquatic systems, and even grasslands. It contributes to the overall structure and diversity of an ecosystem by creating distinct habitats and providing opportunities for different species to coexist and utilize available resources efficiently.