Read the passage given below and answer the following question. According to Hardy-Weinberg principle, the allele frequencies in a population are stable and remain constant through generations. The gene pool (total genes and their alleles in a population) remains a constant. This is called genetic equilibrium .Sum total of all the allelic frequencies is 1. (A) Write the equation representing Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

List the factors that affect the genetic equilibrium.

(i)Genetic drift (ii)Mutation (iii)Genetic recombination (iv)Natural selection (i) Mutation (ii)Natural selection (iii)Random mating (i)Random mating (ii)Gene flow (iii)No recombination (i)No recombination (ii)Random mating (iii)Natural selection (iv)Gene flow

(i)Genetic drift (ii)Mutation (iii)Genetic recombination (iv)Natural selection

The factors which affect the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium are: gene migration or gene flow , genetic drift , mutation, genetic recombination and natural selection. When migration of a section of population to another place occurs , gene frequencies change in the original as well as in the new population .