India has consistently opposed international treaties focused on non-proliferation due to their selective application limited to non-nuclear states, which reinforces the dominance of the five nuclear-armed nations. As a result, India resisted the unlimited extension of the NPT in 1995 and declined to endorse the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT).

In which of the following year did India conduct its second nuclear test?

1998

India conducted its first Nuclear test in May 1974 which was called 'Smiling Buddha'. In May 1998 India conducted Nuclear tests called "Pokhran-II", a series of 5 Nuclear Bomb tests in the Pokhran region of Rajasthan, thus becoming a nuclear power state. This demonstrated India's capacity to use nuclear energy for military purposes.