Discrimination and exclusion of people does not happen on the basis of:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → family type
Option (1) class — A basis of discrimination (Incorrect). Social exclusion is often linked to differences in economic resources, which is what class is about, and people grow up with prejudices about other classes.
Option (2) caste — A basis of discrimination (Incorrect). People often face discrimination and exclusion because of their caste, as the Dalits have for centuries.
Option (3) gender — A basis of discrimination (Incorrect). Even women from a privileged background may face sexual harassment in public places, so gender is a basis of discrimination whatever the class.
Option (4) family type — Not a basis of discrimination (Correct). Family type means whether a family is nuclear or extended, male-headed or female-headed. Discrimination and exclusion work against whole social groups such as those of gender, religion, ethnicity, language, caste and disability; the form of one’s family does not make a person a member of such a group.
NCERT (2025-26): “Social Inequality … Often we discuss social exclusion and discrimination as though they pertain to differential economic resources alone. This however is only partially true. People often face discrimination and exclusion because of their gender, religion, ethnicity, language, caste and disability. Thus, women from a privileged background may face sexual harassment in public places. A middle class professional from a minority religious or ethnic group may find it difficult to get accommodation in a middle class colony even in a metropolitan city.…” |