Which of the following concept integrates the efforts of individuals, departments and specialists?
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → Coordination
Option (1) Planning — Incorrect. Planning decides in advance what is to be done and who is to do it. It sets the course; it does not bind the efforts of different people together.
Option (2) Coordination — Correct. Individuals and departments depend on each other. Coordination links their efforts towards common goals.
Option (3) Organisation — Incorrect. Organising assigns duties and groups tasks into departments. Coordination then links the work of these departments.
Option (4) Controlling — Incorrect. Controlling compares actual performance with standards and takes corrective action. It checks results; it does not link the work of departments and specialists.
NCERT (2026-27 Edition): “Importance of Coordination Coordination is important as it integrates the efforts of individuals, departments and specialists. The primary reason for coordination is that departments and individuals in the organisation are interdependent, i.e. they depend on each other for information and resources to perform their respective activities. Thus, managers need to reconcile differences in approach, timing, effort or interest. At the same time, there is a need to harmonise individual goals and organisational goals.” |