Match the following options in List 1 correctly with those in List 2:…

List 1	List 2
(i) Mapping of boundaries on religious grounds	(a) India and Pakistan
(ii) Mapping of boundaries on grounds of a different language	(b) Pakistan and Bangladesh
(iii) Demarcating boundaries within a country by geographical zones	(c) Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand
(iv) Demarcating within a country on administrative and political grounds	(d) Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh

The partition of India happened on the basis of the religious majority. The areas having a Muslim population in the majority were carved out from India as 2 Pakistans; East Pakistan, and West Pakistan.

The people of West Pakistan spoke Urdu and were imposing the same on the people of East Pakistan who used to speak Bengali. Soon after the partition they began protests against the unfair treatment meted out to the Bengali culture and language.
They also demanded fair representation in administration and a fair share of political power. Sheikh Mujib-ur Rahman led the popular struggle against West Pakistani domination. He demanded autonomy for the eastern region. This struggle ultimately led to the formation of Bangladesh as an independent country in 1971.

In Punjab also, there were two linguistic groups: Hindi-speaking and Punjabi-speaking. The Punjabi-speaking people demanded a separate state. But it was not granted to other states in 1956. Statehood for Punjab came ten years later, in 1966 when the territories of today’s  Haryana and Himachal Pradesh were separated from the larger Punjab state.

After the recommendation of the State Reorganisation Commission, Himachal Pradesh became Union Territory on 1st November 1956. Kangra and most of the other hill areas of Punjab were merged with H.P. on 1st November 1966 though its status remained that of a Union Territory.
In December of 1970, the State of Himachal Pradesh Act was passed by Parliament and the new state came into being on 25th January 1971. Thus H.P. emerged as the eighteenth state of the Indian Union.

Language did not, however, remain the sole basis of the organization of states. In later years sub-regions raised demands for separate states on the basis of a separate regional culture or complaints of regional imbalance in development. Three such states, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, and Uttaranchal, were created in 2000.

Uttaranchal, now known as Uttarakhand, was formed as a separate state in India on November 9, 2000. The demand for a separate state of Uttarakhand had been a long-standing one, and it was primarily based on the idea that the region had a distinct identity, history, culture, and geography that set it apart from the rest of the state of Uttar Pradesh
It was formed by separating the mountainous regions of northeastern Uttar Pradesh.

The people of Jharkhand had been demanding separate statehood for decades, citing issues such as the neglect of the region, lack of development, and inadequate representation in the state government. Finally, in 2000, the Government of India passed the Bihar Reorganization Act, which created the state of Jharkhand, comprising 18 districts of the former state of Bihar. The new state of Jharkhand was formed with the aim of promoting the development of the region, preserving its unique culture and identity, and ensuring better governance and administration.


The demand for a separate state of Chhattisgarh had also been a long-standing one, and it was primarily based on the idea that the region had a distinct identity, history, culture, and geography that set it apart from the rest of Madhya Pradesh. The people of Chhattisgarh had been demanding separate statehood for decades, citing issues such as the neglect of the region, lack of development, and inadequate representation in the state government. Finally, in 2000, the Government of India passed the Madhya Pradesh Reorganization Act, which created the state of Chhattisgarh, comprising 16 districts of the former state of Madhya Pradesh. The new state of Chhattisgarh was formed with the aim of promoting the development of the region, preserving its unique culture and identity, and ensuring better governance and administration