What is the value of Avogadro’s number?

6.022 x 10²³

The correct answer is option 2. 6.022 x 10²³.

Avogadro's number, denoted as \(N_A\), is a fundamental constant in chemistry representing the number of particles in one mole of a substance. It is named after the Italian scientist Amedeo Avogadro, who first proposed the concept in the early 19th century.

The value of Avogadro's number is approximately \(6.022 \times 10^{23}\) entities per mole. This means that one mole of any substance contains \(6.022 \times 10^{23}\) atoms, molecules, ions, or other particles.

Avogadro's number allows chemists to relate the microscopic world of atoms and molecules to the macroscopic world of grams and liters. It serves as a bridge between the atomic scale and the laboratory scale, enabling scientists to perform calculations involving the number of particles, mass, and volume of substances involved in chemical reactions.

For example, using Avogadro's number, we can determine that one mole of water (\(H_2O\)) contains \(6.022 \times 10^{23}\) water molecules, one mole of sodium chloride (\(NaCl\)) contains \(6.022 \times 10^{23}\) sodium ions (\(Na^+\)) and chloride ions (\(Cl^-\)), and so on.

In summary, Avogadro's number is a fundamental constant that plays a crucial role in understanding the behavior of matter at the atomic and molecular levels, providing a basis for stoichiometry, the quantitative study of chemical reactions.