Suggest a few ways to reduce social loafing: A. providing group proje…

The correct answer is Option (1) → B, D, E only

Social loafing is a reduction in individual effort when people work on a collective task whose outputs are pooled, so that nobody can tell how much each member has contributed. A way of reducing it must make each member feel answerable and motivated.

A. providing group projects Incorrect. A group project is itself a collective task with pooled output, the very setting in which loafing happens. Giving more of them does not reduce it.

B. increasing the pressure to work hard Correct. Making members committed to successful task performance raises each person’s effort.

C. working collective effort recognisable Incorrect. The statement speaks of making the collective effort recognisable, but what reduces loafing is making the effort of each person identifiable. Loafing happens because only the group’s pooled output can be seen. When only the collective effort is recognised, a member can still hide inside the group’s total and become a free rider.

D. increasing apparent importance or value of a task Correct. When the task seems important, members care about the result and do not relax.

E. strengthening group cohesiveness Correct. A cohesive group increases the motivation for a successful group outcome, so each member puts in more effort.