Sucrose on hydrolysis gives

glucose and fructose

The correct answer is Option (1) → glucose and fructose

Sucrose ($C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}$), commonly known as table sugar, is a disaccharide. Upon hydrolysis—which can be triggered by dilute acids or the enzyme sucrase (also called invertase)—it breaks down into its constituent monosaccharide units.

The Hydrolysis Reaction

The reaction involves the addition of a water molecule to break the glycosidic bond connecting the two simpler sugars:

$$C_{12}H_{22}O_{11} + H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 (\text{Glucose}) + C_6H_{12}O_6 (\text{Fructose})$$

Key Details

• Products: It yields an equimolar mixture of D-(+)-glucose and D-(-)-fructose.
• Inversion of Sugar: Sucrose is dextrorotatory ($+66.5^\circ$), but after hydrolysis, the resulting mixture is levorotatory because the levorotation of fructose ($-92.4^\circ$) is stronger than the dextrorotation of glucose ($+52.5^\circ$). This is why the product is often called invert sugar.
• Comparison with other Disaccharides:
• Maltose hydrolysis gives two molecules of Glucose.
• Lactose hydrolysis gives Glucose and Galactose.

Correct Option: glucose and fructose