Vitamin \(C\) is also called

Ascorbic acid

The correct answer is option 4. Ascorbic acid.

Vitamin C, chemically known as ascorbic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays several important roles in the human body. Ascorbic acid, commonly referred to as vitamin C, is an essential nutrient for humans and many other animals. It is a water-soluble organic compound with the chemical formula \(C_6H_8O_6\). Vitamin C is naturally present in various fruits and vegetables, particularly citrus fruits, strawberries, kiwi, broccoli, and bell peppers.

Functions of Vitamin C:

1. Antioxidant Properties: Vitamin C acts as an antioxidant, helping to protect cells from damage caused by free radicals and reactive oxygen species. It scavenges free radicals, neutralizing their harmful effects and helping to maintain cellular health.

2. Collagen Synthesis: Vitamin C plays a crucial role in collagen synthesis, which is essential for the structure, strength, and integrity of connective tissues, such as skin, tendons, ligaments, and blood vessels. It is necessary for wound healing and maintaining healthy skin.

3. Immune Function: Vitamin C supports the immune system by enhancing the function of various immune cells, such as neutrophils, lymphocytes, and phagocytes. It helps the body fight off infections and reduces the severity and duration of colds and other respiratory infections.

4. Iron Absorption: Vitamin C enhances the absorption of non-heme iron (iron from plant-based foods) in the intestines by converting ferric iron (Fe3+) to ferrous iron (Fe2+), which is more readily absorbed by the body. This property is especially beneficial for individuals at risk of iron deficiency anemia.

5. Antiviral and Antimicrobial Properties: Vitamin C exhibits antiviral and antimicrobial properties, contributing to its ability to combat infections and support overall health.

Sources of Vitamin C:

Vitamin C is naturally found in various fruits and vegetables, including citrus fruits (such as oranges, lemons, and grapefruits), strawberries, kiwi, pineapple, papaya, bell peppers (particularly red and green), broccoli, Brussels sprouts, and leafy greens.

Deficiency and Supplementation:

A deficiency of vitamin C can lead to scurvy, a condition characterized by fatigue, weakness, swollen and bleeding gums, joint pain, and impaired wound healing. Scurvy is rare in developed countries but can occur in individuals with poor dietary intake of vitamin C or certain medical conditions that impair vitamin C absorption.

To prevent deficiency, it's important to consume an adequate amount of vitamin C-rich foods regularly. In some cases, vitamin C supplementation may be recommended, especially for individuals with specific health conditions or dietary restrictions.

In summary, vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is an essential nutrient with antioxidant, collagen synthesis, immune-enhancing, and iron-absorption properties. It plays a vital role in maintaining overall health and is found abundantly in various fruits and vegetables.