Match List I with List II.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III

The correct answer is Option (3) → A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III.

Here is an explanation of the processes and the corresponding ores or metals:

A. Sulphide Ore → Froth Floatation (A-IV)

Sulphide ores are typically concentrated by froth floatation. In this process, the ore is ground into fine particles and mixed with water. Air is bubbled through the mixture, and chemicals are added to make the ore particles hydrophobic (repelled by water). The hydrophobic ore particles attach to air bubbles and float to the surface, forming a froth that is skimmed off, while the unwanted gangue remains at the bottom.

Example: This process is used to concentrate ores like zinc blende \((ZnS)\) and galena \((PbS)\).

B. Mond’s Process → Nickel (B-II)

Mond’s process is a method used for the purification of nickel. It involves converting impure nickel into a volatile compound, nickel tetracarbonyl \([Ni(CO)_4]\), by heating the impure nickel in the presence of carbon monoxide. This gas is then decomposed at higher temperatures to produce pure nickel.

Reaction:

\(Ni + 4CO \longrightarrow Ni(CO)_4\)

Upon heating:

\(Ni(CO)_4 \rightarrow Ni + 4CO\)

This process is particularly effective in obtaining very pure nickel metal.

C. Cupellation → Silver (C-I)

Cupellation is a refining process used to separate noble metals, like silver and gold, from base metals such as lead. This process involves heating the impure metal in a furnace in the presence of oxygen. The base metals like lead oxidize and are absorbed by the cupel (a porous material), leaving behind the pure noble metal.

Application: This is commonly used in the purification of silver.

D. Calcination → Carbonate Ores (D-III)

Calcination is a thermal treatment process used to decompose carbonate ores by heating them in the absence of air. This process removes volatile substances, typically carbon dioxide, and leaves behind the metal oxide.

Example: Calcination is used in the decomposition of limestone \((CaCO_3)\) to form calcium oxide (quicklime) \((CaO)\).

\(CaCO_3 \overset{\Delta}{\longrightarrow} CaO + CO_2\)

This method is also applied to ores like zinc carbonate \((ZnCO_3)\) and magnesite \((MgCO_3)\).

This gives us the correct answer: A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III.