The oxidation potential of transition elements are lower than the oxidation potential of the s-block elements because

The ionization energy of the transition elements is higher than that of the corresponding s-block elements

The correct answer is option 2. The ionization energy of the transition elements is higher than that of the corresponding s-block elements.

The oxidation potential of transition elements is lower than that of the s-block elements because the ionization energy of the transition elements is higher than that of the corresponding s-block elements. This can be understood through the following explanation:

Ionization Energy:

Transition Elements: Transition elements have higher ionization energies compared to s-block elements. This is because transition elements have electrons in the d-orbitals that are more tightly bound to the nucleus. The increased nuclear charge and the involvement of inner d-electrons contribute to the higher ionization energy.

s-Block Elements: In contrast, s-block elements (such as alkali and alkaline earth metals) have their outermost electrons in the s-orbitals, which are further from the nucleus and less tightly bound. This results in lower ionization energies.

Oxidation Potential:

Oxidation potential is a measure of the tendency of an element to lose electrons (be oxidized).

A lower ionization energy means that it is easier for an element to lose electrons, resulting in a higher oxidation potential. Conversely, a higher ionization energy means it is harder for an element to lose electrons, resulting in a lower oxidation potential.

Detailed Explanation:

Transition Elements: Because the ionization energy of transition elements is higher, it is more difficult for these elements to lose electrons. This means their oxidation potentials are lower.

s-Block Elements: s-block elements, with their lower ionization energies, can more easily lose electrons, leading to higher oxidation potentials.

Example:

Potassium (K): An s-block element with a relatively low ionization energy, thus having a high oxidation potential.

Iron (Fe): A transition element with a higher ionization energy, thus having a lower oxidation potential compared to potassium.

Correct Answer: The ionization energy of the transition elements is higher than that of the corresponding s-block elements.

This higher ionization energy makes it more difficult for transition metals to lose electrons compared to s-block elements, leading to lower oxidation potentials for transition metals.