Match List – I with List – II.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A-IV, B-I, C-III, D-II

The correct answer is Option (1) → A-IV, B-I, C-III, D-II

A. There are a few species in which fruits develop without fertilisation. Such fruits are called parthenocarpic fruits. Banana is one such example. Parthenocarpy can be induced through the application of growth hormones and such fruits are seedless.

B. True fruit are derived from the ripened ovary alone. In the process of fruit formation, the ovary of the flower undergoes development and transforms into a fruit. The ovary contains one or more ovules, which are potential seeds. After pollination and fertilization, the ovules within the ovary develop into seeds. The ovary wall, also known as the pericarp, undergoes changes and forms the wall of the fruit. Example: mango.

C. Although seeds, in general are the products of fertilisation, a few flowering plants such as some species of Asteraceae and grasses, have evolved a special mechanism, to produce seeds without fertilisation, called apomixis.  Thus, apomixis is a form of asexual reproduction that mimics sexual reproduction. There are several ways of development of apomictic seeds.

D. In most plants, by the time the fruit develops from the ovary, other floral parts degenerate and fall off. However, in a few species such as apple, strawberry, cashew, etc., the thalamus also contributes to fruit formation. Such fruits are called false fruits.