According to Fayol's principles of management, what does "initiative"…

The correct answer is option 3- Taking the first step with self-motivation, thinking out and executing plans.

Initiative, according to Fayol's principles of management involves individuals proactively taking the first step in their work, being self-motivated, and demonstrating the ability to think out and execute plans for improvements.

Initiative: Workers should be encouraged to develop and carry out their plans for improvements according to Fayol. Initiative means taking the first step with self-motivation. It is thinking out and executing the plan. It is one of the traits of an intelligent person. Initiative should be encouraged. But it does not mean going against the established practices of the company for the sake of being different. A good company should have an employee suggestion system whereby initiative/suggestions which result in substantial cost/time reduction should be rewarded.