Sometimes the change in allele frequency is so different in the new sample of the population in which they become a different species. This phenomenon is known as -
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → Founder effect
Option (1) Genetic drift — Incorrect. Genetic drift is a change in allele frequency by chance. The founder effect is a special case of drift, but drift by itself does not mean that a new species has formed.
Option (2) Natural selection — Incorrect. Natural selection is a process in which heritable variations that help survival and reproduction become more common. It is not the name for a small new sample of a population that drifts so far that it becomes a different species.
Option (3) Mutation — Incorrect. A mutation is a change in the DNA that creates a new allele. It is a source of variation, not the name for a drifted population becoming a new species.
Option (4) Founder effect — Correct. When the change in allele frequency in the new sample is so large that it becomes a different species, the original drifted population becomes the founders. This is the founder effect.
NCERT Extract:
Hardy-Weinberg Principle – …
Hardy-weinberg Principle – “… The original drifted population becomes founders and the effect is called founder effect.”
