Which of the following are responsible for land degradation?

(A) Waterlogging
(B) Alkalinization
(C) Organic farming
(D) Soil erosion

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

(A), (B) and (D) only

The correct answer is Option (1) → (A), (B) and (D) only

• Waterlogging reduces soil fertility and productivity, leading to land degradation.

• Alkalinization (increase in soil alkalinity) makes soil unfit for cultivation and degrades land.

• Soil erosion removes the fertile topsoil layer, directly causing land degradation.

• Organic farming does not cause land degradation; rather, it helps improve soil fertility and maintain ecological balance.