Which of the following is true in relation to the Muslim rulership in medieval India?

Both options 1 and 2

The correct answer is Option 3 - Both options, 1 and 2

OPTION 1 - In India, the "Zimmi" people included the people who were Hindus, Christians, and Jews.
OPTION 2 - They paid a tax called" jizya" and gained the right to be protected by Muslims.

In 711 an Arab general named Muhammad Qasim conquered Sind, which became part of the Caliph’s domain. Later (c. thirteenth century) the Turks and Afghans established the Delhi Sultanate. This was followed by the formation of Sultanates in the Deccan and other parts of the subcontinent; Islam was an acknowledged religion of rulers in several areas. This continued with the establishment of the Mughal Empire in the sixteenth century as well as in many of the regional states that emerged in the eighteenth century. Theoretically, Muslim rulers were to be guided by the ulama, who were expected to ensure that they ruled according to the shari‘a. Clearly, the situation was complicated in the subcontinent, where there were populations that did not subscribe to Islam. It is in this context that the category of the zimmi, meaning protected (derived from the Arabic word zimma, protection) developed for people who followed revealed scriptures, such as the Jews and Christians, and lived under Muslim rulership. They paid a tax called jizya and gained the right to be protected by Muslims. In India this status was extended to Hindus as well. Rulers such as the Mughals came to regard themselves as emperors of not just Muslims but of all peoples.