Assertion: The colonial government in India prioritized the development of public health facilities to improve the overall well-being of the population.

Reasoning: The lack of public health facilities during the colonial period resulted in rampant water and air-borne diseases, high mortality rates, and low life expectancy.

Assertion (A) is not true but Reasoning (R) is correct.

The assertion is false because the colonial government did not prioritize the development of public health facilities to improve the overall well-being of the population. The reasoning is true. The lack of public health facilities during the colonial period resulted in rampant water and air-borne diseases, high mortality rates, and low life expectancy. The colonial government's focus was primarily on maintaining law and order and serving their own interests, rather than prioritizing public health and well-being.