Assertion: The colonial government in India prioritized the development of public health facilities to improve the overall well-being of the population.

Reasoning: The lack of public health facilities during the colonial period resulted in rampant water and air-borne diseases, high mortality rates, and low life expectancy.

Assertion (A) is not true but Reasoning (R) is correct.

The correct answer is option 4: Assertion (A) is not true but Reasoning (R) is correct.

Assertion (A) is not true because the colonial government did not prioritize the development of public health facilities. The focus was more on infrastructure that served colonial interests, such as railways and ports, rather than on public health.

Reasoning (R) is correct because the lack of public health facilities during the colonial period did indeed result in rampant water and air-borne diseases, high mortality rates, and low life expectancy. This reflects the inadequacies in the public health infrastructure of that time.