Match the persons in List I with their ideas/work in List II
| LIST-I (Person) | LIST-II (Ideas/Work) | ||
| A. | Emile Durkheim | I. | Failure of entitlements |
| B. | Thomas Robert Malthus | II. | Mass Sterilisation |
| C. | Amartya Sen | III. | Suicide |
| D. | Sanjay Gandhi | IV. | Essay on population |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
(A) Emile Durkheim — this matches (III) Suicide. His famous study explained the variation in suicide rates across countries by social causes.
(B) Thomas Robert Malthus — this matches (IV) Essay on population. His theory of population growth was outlined in his Essay on Population (1798).
(C) Amartya Sen — this matches (I) Failure of entitlements. He showed that famines were caused not only by a fall in foodgrain production but also by a ‘failure of entitlements’, the inability of people to buy or otherwise obtain food.
(D) Sanjay Gandhi — this matches (II) Mass Sterilisation. During the National Emergency (1975-76) the government introduced a coercive programme of mass sterilisation.
NCERT (2025-26): “2.1 Some Theories and Concepts in Demography … Among the most famous theories of demography is the one associated with the English political economist Thomas Robert Malthus (1766–1834). Malthus’s theory of population growth – outlined in his Essay on Population (1798) – was a rather pessimistic one.…” “2.1 Some Theories and Concepts in Demography … Emile Durkheim’s famous study explaining the variation in suicide rates across different countries was a good example of this. Durkheim argued that the rate of suicide (i.e., number of suicides per 100,000 population) had to be explained by social causes even though each particular instance of suicide may have involved reasons specific to that individual or her/his circumstances.…” “2.2 Size and Growth of India’s Population … However, as scholars like Amartya Sen and others have shown, famines were not necessarily due to fall in foodgrains production; they were also caused by a ‘failure of entitlements’, or the inability of people to buy or otherwise obtain food.…” “2.7 Population Policy in India … The Family Planning Programme suffered a setback during the years of the National Emergency (1975 – 76). Normal parliamentary and legal procedures were suspended during this time and special laws and ordinances issued directly by the government (without being passed by Parliament) were in force. During this time the government tried to intensify the effort to bring down the growth rate of population by introducing a coercive programme of mass sterilisation. Here sterilisation refers to medical procedures like vasectomy (for men) and tubectomy (for women) which prevent conception and childbirth. Vast numbers of mostly poor and powerless people were forcibly sterilised and there was massive pressure on lower level government officials (like school teachers or office workers) to bring people for sterilisation in the camps that were organised for this purpose.…” |