Read the following statements and mark the correct answer.
Assertion (A): Grading is the process of classification of products into different groups, on the basis of some of its important characteristics such as quality, size, etc.
Reason (R): Grading is particularly necessary for products which are produced according to predetermined specifications.
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → (A) is true but (R) is false.
Assertion (A): Grading is the process of classification of products into different groups, on the basis of some of its important characteristics such as quality, size, etc. — True. Grading sorts products into groups by quality, size and similar features, so each group is of one quality.
Reason (R): Grading is particularly necessary for products which are produced according to predetermined specifications. — False. Grading is needed for products that are not produced to predetermined specifications, such as wheat and oranges. Goods made to fixed specifications are already uniform; that is standardisation.
NCERT (2026-27 Edition): “4. Standardisation and Grading: Standardisation refers to producing goods of predetermined specifications, which helps in achieving uniformity and consistency in the output. Standardisation ensures the buyers that goods conform to the predetermined standards of quality, price and packaging and reduces the need for inspection, testing and evaluation of the products. Grading is the process of classification of products into different groups, on the basis of some of its important characteristics such as quality, size, etc. Grading is particularly necessary for products which are not produced according to predetermined specifications, such as in the case of agricultural products, say wheat, oranges, etc. Grading ensures that goods belong to a particular quality and helps in realising higher prices for high quality output.” |