Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?

The correct answer is Option (2) → Galen - the role of the four humours in personal character and temperament

Option (1) Plato - extensive writing on feelings, mental anguish and conflict — Incorrect. Writing at length on feelings, mental anguish and conflict was the work of St. Augustine in the early Middle Ages. Plato, with Hippocrates and Socrates, developed the organismic approach.

Option (2) Galen - the role of the four humours in personal character and temperament — Correct. Galen elaborated the four humours: blood, black bile, yellow bile and phlegm. Each fluid gave a different temperament, and an imbalance among them was believed to cause disorders.

Option (3) Johann Weyer - the organismic approach to disturbed behaviour — Incorrect. The organismic approach came from the philosopher-physicians of ancient Greece. Weyer belongs to the Renaissance and stressed psychological conflict and disturbed relations with others.

Option (4) Hippocrates - the three doshas of vata, pitta and kapha — Incorrect. The three doshas are an Indian idea from the Atharva Veda and Ayurvedic texts, similar to Galen's humours. Hippocrates was one of the Greek developers of the organismic approach.