The correct answer is Option (2) → Similarity
Option (1) Proximity — Incorrect. Proximity means being near one another, living in the same colony or going to the same school, so that repeated interactions let people know each other. The question tells us nothing about where Reena and Rabiya live; it tells us what they both love.
Option (2) Similarity — Correct. Being with someone over time makes us assess our similarities, and this paves the way for forming groups. People prefer consistency, so when two people are similar their interests match and they start liking each other, as two classmates who both love football. Reena and Rabiya share a love of dogs.
Option (3) Status — Incorrect. Status is a reason for joining a group: being a member of a group that others see as important makes us feel recognised and powerful. A shared love of dogs gives no such standing.
Option (4) Self-esteem needs — Incorrect. Groups also give feelings of self-worth and a positive social identity, especially prestigious groups. That is a need a group satisfies, not the common interest that brings two dog lovers together.
NCERT (2025-26): “Group Formation … This interaction is facilitated by the following conditions: Proximity : Just think about your group of friends. Would you have been friends if you were not living in the same colony, or going to the same school, or may be playing in the same playground? Probably your answer would be ‘No’. Repeated interactions with the same set of individuals give us a chance to know them, and their interests and attitudes. Common interests, attitudes, and background are important determinants of your liking for your group members. Similarity : Being exposed to someone over a period of time makes us assess our similarities and paves the way for formation of groups. Why do we like people who are similar? Psychologists have given several explanations for this. One explanation is that people prefer consistency and like relationships that are consistent. When two people are similar, there is consistency and they start liking each other. For example, you like playing football and another person in your class also loves playing football; there is a matching of your interests. There are higher chances that you may become friends.…”
“Why Do People Join Groups? … In general, people join groups for the following reasons : Security : When we are alone, we feel insecure. Groups reduce this insecurity. Being with people gives a sense of comfort, and protection. As a result, people feel stronger, and are less vulnerable to threats. Status : When we are members of a group that is perceived to be important by others, we feel recognised and experience a sense of power. Suppose your school wins in an inter institutional debate competition, you feel proud and think that you are better than others. Self-esteem : Groups provide feelings of self-worth and establish a positive social identity. Being a member of prestigious groups enhances one’s self-concept.”
|
