Which of the following is used for calculating actual growth of population?
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → Births - Deaths + In migration - Out migration
Births add to the population and deaths take away from it; their difference is the natural growth. Migration then changes the number again: people who come in (in-migration) add to it and people who leave (out-migration) reduce it.
Option (1) Births - Deaths - In migration + Out migration — Incorrect. The two migration signs are reversed: it takes away the people who arrive and adds the people who leave.
Option (2) Births + Deaths + In migration - Out migration — Incorrect. It adds deaths, as if people who die increased the population.
Option (3) Births - Deaths + In migration - Out migration — Correct. This is the actual growth of population: natural growth plus the people who come in, minus those who go out.
Option (4) Births - Deaths + In migration + Out migration — Incorrect. It adds out-migration, but people who move out of an area reduce its population.
NCERT: Fundamentals of Human Geography — Chapter 2: The World Population: Distribution, Density and Growth, Some Basic Concepts of Population Geography (box) (2025-26)
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