In India, young rural female graduates were the most severely affected by unemployment in 2011–12. A young graduate who seeks work through employment exchanges but finds none is an example of:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 1
The correct answer is Option (1) → Open unemployment
A person who has no work and is seeking it, for example through employment exchanges, is unemployed. This kind of unemployment is called open unemployment.
Option (1) Open unemployment — Correct. The graduate is openly without a job.
Option (2) Disguised unemployment — Incorrect. This is when more people work on a farm than are needed; the extra workers add nothing to output.
Option (3) Seasonal unemployment — Incorrect. This is when there is no work in some months, as in farming.
Option (4) Casual employment — Incorrect. A casual worker has work, though not a regular job.
This question uses Human Capital Formation in India and Employment together.
NCERT (2026-27): “Higher Education — a Few Takers: The Indian education pyramid is steep, indicating lesser and lesser number of people reaching the higher education level. Moreover, the level of unemployment among educated youth is the highest. As per NSSO data, in the year 2011-12, the rate of unemployment among youth males who studied graduation and above in rural areas was 19 per cent. Their urban counterparts had relatively less level of unemployment at 16 per cent. The most severely affected ones were young rural female graduates as nearly 30 per cent of them are unemployed. …” Indian Economic Development, Employment: “… The National Statistical Office (Previously it was known as National Sample Survey Organisation) defines unemployment as a situation in which all those who, owing to lack of work, are not working but either seek work through employment exchanges, intermediaries, friends or relatives or by making applications to prospective employers or express their willingness or availability for work under the prevailing condition of work and remunerations. … The situation described in the first paragraph of this section is called open unemployment. Economists call unemployment prevailing in Indian farms as disguised unemployment. …” |